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Science

Broad Overviews of the Field

Using Audio-Visual Materials to Promote Active Learning

Using Case Studies or Case Method Teaching to Promote Active Learning

Using Collaborative/Cooperative Methods or Group Work to Promote Active Learning

Using Computer Aided Instruction to Promote Active Learning

Using Demonstrations or Lab Activities to Promote Active Learning

Using Discussion, Debate, or Student Presentations to Promote Active Learning

Using Field Trips or Field Work to Promote Active Learning

Using Games or Simulations to Promote Active Learning

Using Guided Designs to Promote Active Learning

Using Library Assignments to Promote Active Learning

Using Projects to Promote Active Learning

Using Role Play or Performance to Promote Active Learning

Using Writing Activities to Promote Active Learning

Brooks, D. W. (1993, February). General chemistry needs more resources, teachers with attitudes that enhance self-esteem, and chemical foresight. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(2), 135-139.

Danieley, H. (1990). Exploring mitosis through the learning cycle. American Biology Teacher, 52(5), 295-296, 1990.

Pavelich, M. J. (1982, September). Using general chemistry to promote the higher level thinking abilities. Journal of Chemical Education, 59(9), 721-724.

Salay, J. (1992, February). Biology as collage. American Biology Teacher, 54(2), 102.

Van Heuvelen, A. (1991, October). Learning to think like a physicist: A review of research-based instructional strategies. American Journal of Physics, 59(10), 891-897.

Habowsky, J. E. J, Sands, T. W., Hogue, C. W. V., Stager, R. A., & Postlethwait, S. N. (1990, February). An audio-directed multimedia lab. Journal of College Science Teaching, 19(4), 232-234.

Hale, E. M. (1993, April). Overhead transparencies for viewing molecular structure in three dimensions. American Biology Teacher, 55(4), 227.

Hoffmaster, S. (1991, April). Using video equipment as a physics laboratory tool. American Journal of Physics, 59(4), 375.

Huang, S. D., & Aloi, J. (1991, May). The impact of using interactive video in teaching general biology. American Biology Teacher, 53(5), 281-284.

Igelsrud, D. (1987). Laserdiscs. American Biology Teacher, 49(2), 115-119.

Kapisovsky, P. M. (1990, September/October). Math and science: Vitality through technology. Media and Methods, 27(1), 59-61.

Kaplan, H. (1992, December). Multimedia in lecture halls: Science and math visualizations. Technological Horizons in Education Journal, 20(5), 53.

Kissock, C. (Ed.). (1986, July). Science: Videotapes for inservice training for active learning. Morris, MN: University of Minnesota. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 286 751).

Kumar, L. (1990, November). Does learning improve videodisc tutorials? Journal of College Science Teaching, 20(2), 85.

Mattson, P. (1991, January). Human biology, health education, and the "video generation". American Biology Teacher, 53(1), 25-28.

McCartney, K., Kimball, R., & Swetnam, J. (1992, November). Teaching physical geology and laboratory courses by interactive television. Journal of Geological Education, 40(5), 367-372.

Pendleton, J. W. (1989, February). Closed-circuit television as a medium to teach physical geology lecture and laboratory. Journal of College Science Teaching, 18(4), 246-248.

Rode, G. A. (1992, April). Rap music as a method of review. American Biology Teacher, 54(4), 242 243.

Rogers, F. A. (1987). Videotapes as a learning tool in biology. Journal of College Science Teaching, 16(5), 458-461.

Sunderman, J. A. (1987, May). Slide duplicating for teaching and research. Journal of Geological Education, 35(3), 136-139.

Verkade, J. G. (1987, May). A novel pictorial approach to teaching molecular motions in polyatomic molecules. Journal of Chemical Education, 64(5), 411-416.

Fourtner, A. W., & Others. (1994, March/April). Bad blood. Journal of College Science Teaching, 23(5), 277-285.

Myers, R. S. (1991, September). Using news media to teach chemical principles. Journal of Chemical Education, 68(9), 769-772.

Sansalone, M. (1990, May/June). Teaching structural concepts through case studies and competitions. Engineering Education, 80(4), 472-475.

D'Allura, J. A. (1991, September). Interactive education in an introductory environmental-geology course. Journal of Geological Education, 39(4), 279-283.

Danieley, H. (1990). Exploring mitosis through the learning cycle. American Biology Teacher, 52(5), 295-296.

Gratz, R. K. (1990, March/April). Improving lab report quality by model analysis, peer review, and revision. Journal of College Science Teaching, 19(5), 292-295.

Hall, M. H. (1989, Fall). An active learning project for forage courses. Journal of Agronomic Education, 18(2), 108-111.

Heller, P., Keith, R., & Anderson, S. (1992). Teaching problem solving through cooperative grouping. Part 1: Group versus individual problem solving. American Journal of Physics, 60(7), 627-636.

Heller, P., & Hollabaugh, M. (1992). Teaching problem solving through cooperative learning. Part 2: Designing problems and structuring groups. American Journal of Physics, 60(7), 637-644.

Holme, T. A. (1992, December). Using the Socratic method in large lecture courses: Increasing student interest and involvement by forming instantaneous groups. Journal of Chemical Education, 69(12), 974-976.

McKenzie, G. D., & Fuller, J. O. (1987, May). Group approach to solving problems (GRASP) as an option for introductory geology. Journal of Geological Education, 35(3), 130-133.

Newell, S. (1990, May). Collaborative learning in engineering design. Journal of College Science Teaching, 19(6), 359-362.

Okebukola, P. A. (1992, April). Concept mapping with a cooperative learning flavor. American Biology Teacher, 54(4), 218-221.

Rice, D. C., & Gabel, D. L. (1990). Cooperative learning in a college science course for preservice elementary teachers. Unpublished manuscript. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 320 773).

Richburg, R. W., & Nelson, B. J. (1991, May/June). Where in Western Europe would you like to live? A cooperative lesson for world geography. Social Studies, 82(3), 97-106.

Smith, M. E., Hinckley, C. C., & Volk, G. L. (1991, May). Cooperative learning in the undergraduate laboratory. Journal of Chemical Education, 68(5), 413-414.

Watson, S. B. (1992, February). The essential elements of cooperative learning. American Biology Teacher, 54(2), 84-86.

Andrews, D. G. H., & Tilley, D. R. (1991, June). A computer model of laser action in the teaching of computational physics. American Journal of Physics, 59(6), 536-540.

Bezzi, A. (1991, September). A macintosh program for improving three-dimensional thinking. Journal of Geological Education, 39(4), 284-288.

Borghi, L., DeAmbrosis, A., Mascheretti, P., & Massara, C. I. (1987, March). Computer simulation and laboratory work in the teaching of mechanics. Physics Education, 22(2), 117-121.

Burnett, R. B., & Schwab, A. P. (1987). A computer program to aid in teaching diffuse layer theory. Journal of Agronomic Education, 16(1), 30-33.

Buttles, S. (1992, November/December). A model for incorporating and evaluating use of a computer laboratory simulation in the nonmajors biology course. American Biology Teacher, 54(8), 491 494.

Dori, Y. J., & Yochim, J. M. (1990, November). Learning patterns of college students using intelligent computer-aided instruction. Journal of College Science Teaching, 20(2), 99-103.

Duhrkopf, R., & Kramer, W. (1990). Using your computer for videodisc applications. American Biology Teacher, 52(8), 511-513.

Geist, D. J. (1992, March). Computer-aided instruction for the interpretation of phase diagrams for magma. Journal of Geological Education, 40(2), 125-129.

Graef, J. (1984, October). Teaching science with computers. Physics Teacher, 22(7), 430-436.

Gunter, M. E. (1991, November). In-class computer demonstrations for physical geology. Journal of Geological Education, 39(5), 373-375.

Habowsky, J. E. J., Sands, T. W., Hogue, C. W. V., & Stager, R. A. (1990, May). The database as a learning tool. Journal of College Science Teaching, 19(6), 363-366, 384.

Harder, V. M., & Burns, G. L. (1992, May). Geopardy--a computer-assited review session. Journal of Geological Education, 40(3), 222-225.

Huang, S. D., & Aloi, J. (1991, May). The impact of using interactive video in teaching general biology. American Biology Teacher, 53(5),281-284.

Hunter, B. (1993, October). NSF's networked testbeds inform innovation in science education. T. H. E. Journal, 21(3), 96-99.

Jezercak, M. W. (1993, August). A simple undergraduate computer modelling experiment for PC computer systems. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(8), 637-650.

Kobluk, D. R. (1993, January). Enhancing contact with students in high enrollment geology courses with electronic bulletin boards. Journal of Geological Education, 41(1), 29-31.

Lamancusa, J. S. (1990, April). Integrating electronics and computer interfacing in mechanical engineering curricula. Engineering Education, 80(3), 423-425.

Malisetty, M. R., Garlick, G. D., & Rao, R. J. (1992, November). Computer-assisted determination of crystal symmetry. Journal of Geological Education, 40(5), 379-380.

Malisetty, M. R., Garlick, G. D., & Rao, R. J. (1992, May). Use of a spreadsheet in teaching the CIPW norm. Journal of Geological Education, 40(3), 237-240.

Maps, J. (1993, July). A computer-based data acquisition laboratory for undergraduates. American Journal of Physics, 61(7), 651-655.

Martin, B. S. (1993, March). Interactive modelling of open magma systems with spreadsheets. Journal of Geological Education, 41(2), 164-169.

Matlock, D. B., & Stafford, D. C. (1989, March/April). Beyond the black box: Using the microcomputer as a multipurpose analytical instrument. Journal of College Science Teaching, 18(5), 313-317.

Mayer, L. (1987, November). Teaching the use of geological equipment with a microcomputer. Journal of Geological Education, 35(5), 266-270.

Merritts, D. J., & Shane, E. B. (1992, September). Effective use of hands-on activities, state-of the-art technology, and computers in introductory environmental geology. Journal of Geological Education, 40(4), 272-278.

Miller, B. (1993, February). Some applications of hypercard-based media in the secondary biology classroom. American Biology Teacher, 55(2), 110-114.

Modell, H. I. (1985, October). Use of computer simulations to promote active learning in multiple teaching settings. Physiologist, 28(5), 445-446.

Murphy, P. J. (1981, May). Computers in biological education: Simulation approaches. England: Institute of Educational Technology. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 247 887).

Peacock, S. M. (1990, March). Numerical simulation of regional and contact metamorphism using the Macintosh microcomputer. Journal of Geological Education, 38(2), 132-137.

Schimmrich, S. H. (1990, September). A Pascal program for determining slip-vector orientations on fault planes. Journal of Geological Education, 38(4), 284-287.

Shea, J. H. (1991, November). A computer-based subduction-zone-earthquake exercise for introductory-geology classes. Journal of Geological Education, 39(5), 388-392.

Sigisimondi, L. A. & Calise, C. (1990). Integrating basic computer skills into science classes: Analysis of ecological data. American Biology Teacher, 52(5),297-301.

Silvius, J. E. (1993, April). Using a computer data base in the biology laboratory with specific application to the herbarium collection. American Biology Teacher, 55(4), 245-246.

Snyder, H. D. (1990, December/January). Computer instrumentation and the new tools of science. Journal of College Science Teaching, 19(3), 171-175, 191.

Sowell, G. A., & Fuller, R. G. (1990, November). Some "do's" and "don't's" for using computers in science instruction. Journal of College Science Teaching, 20(2), 90-93.

Squires, D. (1987, July). Providing computer-based experience for learning physics. Physics Education, 22(4), 239-244.

Stogryn, D. E. (1989, March/April). Computers in the education of science students: A comparison of universities and colleges in Japan and the United States. Journal of College Science Teaching, 18(5), 334-337.

Teleman, O., Jonsson, B., & Engstrom, S. (1993, August). LUSim--a Macintosh program for simulation of molecular and polymer systems. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(8), 637-650.

Thompson, S. R., Seligmann, P. F., & Cava, F. J. (1993, January). A pH and computer approach to measuring respiration rate. American Biology Teacher, 55(1), 46-48.

Van Joolingen, W. R., & de Jong, T. (1991). Supporting hypothesis generation by learners exploring an interactive computer simulation. Instructional Science, 20(5/6), 389-404.

Bart, H. A. (1991, September). A hands-on approach to understanding topographic maps and their construction. Journal of Geological Education, 39(4), 303-305.

Bates, D. E. B. (1990, March). A simple class exercise on plate tectonic motion. Journal of Geological Education, 38(2), 112-115.

Beiswenger, J. M., & Brewer, C. A. (1993, April). Predicting biological response to global warming: A laboratory activity to promote discussion. American Biology Teacher, 55(4), 222-226.

Bouthyette, P. Y., Whalen, J. P., & Reddick, B. D. (1989, November). Wine and beer making for liberal arts science education. Journal of College Science Teaching, 19(2), 84-90.

Brewer, C. A., & Beiswenger, J. M. (1993, April). Carbon dioxide and the greenhouse effect: A problem evaluation activity. American Biology Teacher, 55(4), 238-240.

Carlson, N. B., & Mintz, C. A. (1993, September). The Indy 500 and physics: How a partnership brought them together. Technological Horizons in Education Journal, 21(2), 101-104.

Coffin, F. D. (1993, October). A student research style report project for the general chemistry laboratory. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(10), 852.

Corgan, J. X., & Walker, R. E. (1991, September). Using Time-Machine Earth in the classroom. Journal of Geological Education, 39(4), 319-321.

Delaney, E. J. (1989). Regions: A hands-on approach. Journal of Geography, 88(2), 50-52.

Delumysa, R. D. (1992, April). Vapor pressure demonstrations using a butane lighter. Journal of Chemical Education, 69(4), 321-324.

Diogo, H. P., da Piedade, M. E. M., Ramos, J. J. M., Simoni, J. A., & Simoes, J. A. M. (1993, September). Intermolecular forces in solution and lattice energies of ionic crystals: Calorimetric experiments for the physical chemistry undergraduate laboratory. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(9), A227-A233.

Doe, F. J., & Leslie, J. F. (1993, October). A laboratory exercise for isolating and characterizing microbial mutants with metabolic defects. American Biology Teacher, 55(7), 430-433.

Doyle, J. L. (1987). Reviewing physics through student demonstrations. Physics Teacher, 25(4), 221-223.

Fortman, J. J., & Battino, R. (1992, April). More inexpensive videotaped demonstrations. Journal of Chemical Education, 69(4), 319.

Foster, B. M., Pearce, R. B., & McWilliams, M. D. (1987). Greenhouse experiment for teaching crop growth analysis. Journal of Agronomic Education, 16(1), 33-36.

Gillen, A. L., Brown, W. E., & Williams, R.P. (1989). Developing a dynamic demonstration. American Biology Teacher, 51 (5), 306-310.

Gordon, J. M. (1991, June). Generalized power versus efficiency characteristics of heat engines: The thermoelectric generator as an instructive illustration. American Journal of Physics, 59(6), 551 554.

Hamilton, S. B., & Knox, T. A. (1985, October). The colossal neuron: Acting out physiological psychology. Teaching of Psychology, 12(3), 153-156.

Harbor, J. M., & McClintock, K. A. (1993, January). Teaching applied geomorphology with an exercise in urban storm-water management and erosion control. Journal of Geological Education, 41(1), 38-42.

Harden, D. R. (1990, March). An introductory geology exercise on contouring intensities for the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Journal of Geological Education, 38(2), 105-106.

Hariharan, P. (1993, July). The geometric phase: A simple optical demonstration. American Journal of Physics, 61(7), 591-594.

Harris, D. C., Hills, M. E., & Hewston, T. A. (1987, October). Preparation, iodometric analysis, and classroom demonstration of superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O8-x. Journal of Chemical Education, 64(10), 847-850.

Heady, J. E. (1993, November). Teaching embryology without lectures and without traditional laboratories--an adventure in innovation. Journal of College Science Teaching, 23(2), 87-91.

Huber, T. P., & Falkenmayer, K. (1987, Spring). Soil erosion study through simulation: An educational tool. Journal of Environmental Education, 18(3), 23-27.

Kangas, P. C. (1990, January). A demonstration of the role of animals in ecosystems: Why aren't there any good children's books about ecosystems? American Biology Teacher, 52(1), 50-51.

Katz, D. A. (1991, March). Science demonstrations, experiments, and resources: A reference list of elementary through college teachers emphasizing chemistry with some physics and life science. Journal of Chemical Education, 68(3), 235-244.

Lange, D., Sher, M., Sivillo, J., & Welsh, R. ( 1993, November). A hand-held demonstration of cosmological phase transitions. American Journal of Physics, 61(11), 1049.

Laws, P. (1991, July/August). Workshop physics: Learning introductory physics by doing it. Change, 23(4), 20-27.

Lumpe, A. T., & Oliver, J. S. (1991, September). Dimensions of hands-on science. American Biology Teacher, 53(6), 345-348.

Mahaffy, P. G., Newman, K. E., & Bestman, H. D. (1993, March). From lead soldier to kiwi fruit: Reshaping introductory chemistry labs with investigative team projects. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(3), 76-79.

McDermott, L. C. (1990, May). Research and computer-based instruction: Opportunity for interaction. American Journal of Physics, 58(5), 452-462.

Mickle, J. E. (1990, November/December). A model for teaching mitosis and meiosis. American Biology Teacher, 52(8), 500-503.

Miller, T. L. (1993, March). Demonstration--exploration--discussion: Teaching chemistry with discovery and creativity. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(3), 187-189.

Niemitz, J. W., & Potter, N., Jr. (1991, May). The scientific method and writing in introductory landscape-development laboratories. Journal of Geological Education, 39(3), 190-195.

Ousey, J. R., Jr. (1993, May). A computer-simulation laboratory exercise on water-quality modeling. Journal of Geological Education, 41(3), 262-266.

Peiponen, K. E., Maheswari, R. U., Jaaskelainen, T., & Gu, C. (1993, October). Demonstrating nonlinear optical phenomena with Chinese tea. American Journal of Physics, 61(10), 937.

Porter, J. R., Thomulka, K. W., & Smith, R. A. (1992, February). Demonstrating bacterial flagella. American Biology Teacher, 54(2), 108-111.

Pribyl, J. R. (1992, September). A graphing activity to freshen up the laboratory. Journal of Chemical Education, 69(9), 752.

Quackenbush, R. E. (1992, January). Genetics of the domestic cat. American Biology Teacher, 54(1), 29-32.

Rindos D., & Atkinson, J. W. (1990, May). Pizza chromosomes. American Biology Teacher, 52(5), 281-287.

Rodriguez, F., Mathias, L. J., Kroschwitz, J., & Carraher, Jr., C. E. (1987, January). Classroom demonstrations of polymer principles. Journal of Chemical Education, 64(1), 72-76.

Rosenberg, H. I. (1992, March). How to improve the quality of the environment in the undergraduate dissection laboratory. American Biology Teacher, 54(3), 171-172.

Rowe, H. A. (1993, June). An inexpensive gel-filtration chromatography experiment: A simple biochemical laboratory exercise for high school and undergraduate students who make their own column and apply simple detection techniques. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(6), 415-416.

Smith, M. (1991, February). Plant growth-responses to touch--literally a "hands-on" exercise. American Biology Teacher, 53(2), 111-114.

Stadum, C. J. (1992, May). Geology demonstrations on an overhead projector. Journal of Geological Education, 40(3), 215.

Stanek, F., Tobin, R. G., & Foiles, C. L. (1993, October). Stabilization of a multimode He-Ne laser: A vivid demonstration of thermal feedback. American Journal of Physics, 61(10), 932-934.

Stencel, J. E. (1991, May). A critical inspection of a laboratory experiment. Journal of College Science Teaching, 20(6), 354-357.

Stout, D. L. (1991, November). Science exhibitions promote college and community interaction. Journal of Geological Education, 39(5), 376-378.

Vestal, B. M., & Estes, J. R. (1992, January). A classroom exercise in empirical analysis: Gender differences in book-carrying behavior. American Biology Teacher, 54(1), 33-36.

Wagner, J. R. (1987, January). Using layer-cake geology to illustrate structural topographic relationships. Journal of Geological Education, 35(1), 33-36.

Wilson, J. T., & Stensvold, M. S. (1991, May). Improving laboratory instruction: An interpretation of research. Journal of College Science Teaching, 20(6), 350-353.

Yurkiewicz, W. J. (1993, October). Immunology labs made easy with insects. American Biology Teacher, 55(7), 434-436.

Ahl, A. S. (1983, February). Determinism or probability--or teaching students how to ask questions. American Biology Teacher, 45(2), 102-104.

Armstrong, K., & Weber, K. (1991, May). Genetic engineering--a lesson on bioethics for the classroom. American Biology Teacher, 53(5), 294-297.

Barman, C. R., & Hendrix, J. R. (1983, January). Exploring bioethical issues: An instructional model. American Biology Teacher, 45(1), 23-31.

Bauer, H. H., & Snizek, W. E. (1989, July). Encouraging students in large classes to ask questions: Some promising results from classes in chemistry and sociology. Teaching Sociology, 17(3), 337 340.

Birk, J. P., & Foster, J. (1993, March). The importance of lecture in general chemistry course performance. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(3), 180-182.

Black, K. A. (1993). What to do when you stop lecturing. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(2), 140-146.

Bodner, G. M. (1992, March). Refocusing the general chemistry curriculum: Why changing the curriculum may not be enough. Journal of Chemical Education, 69(3), 186-190.

Bonnstetter, R. J. (1988, November). Active learning often starts with a question. Journal of College Science Teaching, 18(2), 95-97.

Clemons, J. (1991, May). Classroom strategies for introductory geology. Journal of Geological Education, 39(3), 202-203.

Cliburn, J. W. (1990, February). Concept maps to promote meaningful learning. Journal of College Science Teaching, 19(4), 212-217.

Costa, V. (1993, September/October). The use of a course question to facilitate student learning. Journal of College Science Teaching, 23(1), 49-53.

Costenson, K., & Lawson, A. E. (1986). Why isn't inquiry used in more classrooms? American Biology Teacher, 48, 150-155.

Danieley, H. (1990, May). Exploring mitosis through the learning cycle. American Biology Teacher, 52(5), 295-296.

Dhawale, S. W. (1993, May). Introducing the treatment of waste and wastewater in the general chemistry course: Applying physical and chemical principles to the problems of waste management. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(5), 395-404.

Eichstadt, K. (1993, January). A large lecture hall activity--writing your name "in chemistry". Journal of Chemical Education, 70(1), 37.

Fail, J. L., Jr. (1991, March). The value of student-originated and student-run ecology projects. American Biology Teacher, 53(3), 170-171.

Fasching, J. L., & Erickson, B. L. (1985, October). Group discussions in the chemistry classroom and the problem-solving skills of students. Journal of Chemical Education, 62(10), 842-846.

Hendrix, J. R., Mertens, T. R., & Smith, J. M. (1983, September/October). Facilitating effective small group discussions of controversial issues. Journal of College Science Teaching, 13(1), 21-25.

Hilligoss, T. (1992, January). Demystifying "classroom chemistry": The role of the interactive learning model. Teaching Sociology, 20(1), 12-17.

Karr, M. C., Barber, K. L., Van Scoyoc, G. E., Ahlrichs, J. L., & McFee, W. (1988, Fall). Three-phase discussion sessions. Journal of Agronomic Education, 17(2), 77-80.

Kemp, K. M., & Clark, J. A. (1992, November). Teaching geology using poster assignments. Journal of Geological Education, 40(5), 398-403.

Kolz, M. S., & Snyder, W. R. (1982, September). Student problem solving during general chemistry lectures. Journal of Chemical Education, 59(9), 717-719.

Lawson, A. E. (1991, February). Exploring growth (and mitosis) through a learning cycle. American Biology Teacher, 53(2), 107-110.

Moench, T. T. (1986, March/April). The participative learning system. Journal of College Science Teaching, 15(5), 437-439.

Morishita, F. (1991, February). Teaching about controversial issues: Resolving conflict between creationism and evolution through law-related education. American Biology Teacher, 53(2), 91-93.

Pavelich, M. J. (1982, September). Using general chemistry to promote the higher level thinking abilities. Journal of Chemical Education, 59(9), 721-724.

Pinet, P. R. (1989, May). Understanding the language of argument and the methods of science. Journal of Geological Education, 37(3), 197-201.

Pontin, J. A., Arico, E., Filho, J. P., Tiedemann, P. W., Isuyama, R., & Fettis, G. C. (1993, March). Interactive chemistry teaching units developed with the help of the local chemistry industry: Applying classroom principles to the real needs of local companies to help students develop skill in teamwork, communications, and problem solving. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(3), 223-226.

Pultorak, R. W. (1985, March/April). The colloqution module: Remedy for somnifacient lectures. Journal of College Science Teaching, 14(4), 421-423.

Salay, J. (1992, February). Biology as collage. American Biology Teacher, 54(2), 102.

Shawl, S. J. (1987, March/April). Satisfying all the students most of the time. Journal of College Science Teaching, 447-452.

Tobin, K. G., & Capie, W. (1981). Wait-time and learning in science. Unpublished manuscript. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 221 353).

Todd, S. M. (1988, November). Integrating geology for the pleasure of it. Journal of College Science Teaching, 18(2), 98-101, 108, 144.

Ward, R. J., & Bodner, G. M. (1993, March). How lecture can undermine the motivation of our students. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(3), 198-199.

Wyatt, H. V. (1984, Fall). Writing, tables, and graphs: Experience with group discussions in microbiology practical work. Journal of Biological Education, 18(3), 239-245.

Zipko, S. J. (1991, March). The pros and cons of environmental debates. American Biology Teacher, 53(3), 172-175.

Zoller, U. (1993, March). Are lecture and learning compatible? Maybe for LOCS; unlikely for HOCS. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(3), 195-197.

Zoller, U. (1987, June). The fostering of question-asking capability: A meaningful aspect of problem solving in chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 64(6), 510-512.

Garver, J. I. (1992, March). A field-based course in stratigraphy and sedimentology. Journal of Geological Education, 40(2), 119-124.

Giardino, J. R., & Fish, E. B. (1986, November). The use of field trips in air-photo interpretation and remote-sensing classes. Journal of Geological Education, 34(5), 339-343.

Karabinos, P., Stoll, H. M., & Fox, W. T. (1992, September). Attracting students to science through field exercises in introductory geology courses. Journal of Geological Education, 40(4), 302-305.

Kemp, K. M. (1992, May). A walking tour of building stones for introductory geology courses. Journal of Geological Education, 40(3), 188-193.

Klasner, J. S., Crocket, J. J., Horton, K. B., Poe, M. D., & Woolert, M. T. (1992, January). Hands-on teaching through a student field project in applied geophysics. Journal of Geological Education, 40(1), 53-61.

Klepper, N. H. (1990). Lifetime legacy: The successful field trip. American Biology Teacher, 52(2), 245-248.

Leonard, W. H., Eddy, D., Towle, R., & Wong, D. (1983, September). A biomes field trip. American Biology Teacher, 45(5), 273-275.

McGehee, J. (1988, January). Physics students' day at Six Flags/Magic Mountain. Physics Teacher, 26(1), 12-17.

Stephens, G. C, Evenson, E. B., Myers, P. B., Jr., & Pearce, S. M. (1987, March). A field-based introductory physical and historical geology course taught in the Rocky Mountains. Journal of Geological Education, 35(2), 89-92.

Taylor, G., Page, J., Bentley, M., & Lossner, D. (1984, September). A physics laboratory at Six Flags Over Georgia. Physics Teacher, 22(6), 361-367.

Using Games or Simulations to Promote Active Learning

Cercone, K. R. (1988, May). A classroom simulation of water-rock interaction for upper-level geochemistry courses. Journal of Geological Education, 36(3), 140-142.

Fifield, S., & Fall, B. (1992, April). A hands-on simulation of natural selection in an imaginary organism, Platysoma apoda. American Biology Teacher, 54(4), 230-235.

Hammersmith, R. L., & Mertens, T. R. (1990, November/December). Teaching the concept of genetic drift using a simulation. American Biology Teacher, 52(8), 497-499.

Kirts, C. A., Tumeo, M. A., & Sinz, J. M. (1991, March). The commons game: Its instructional value when used in a natural resources management context. Simulation and Gaming, 22(1), 5-18.

Mandelin, D. J. (1991, December). Anions--a puzzle. Journal of Chemical Education, 68(12), 1033.

Scarpetti, D. (1991, December). Chemical jeopardy: An alternative group meeting. Journal of Chemical Education, 68(12), 1027-1032.

Sheridan, P. (1992, January). Dating fossil pollen: A simulation. American Biology Teacher, 54(1), 41-45.

Sutherland, R. A. (1993, March). Rainfall simulation as a tool for teaching process dynamics. Journal of Geological Education, 41(2), 118-125.

Thatcher, D. C. (1990, September). Some thoughts on the structure of science as a basis for learning/ teaching in interdisciplinary programs. Simulation and Gaming, 21(3), 274-283.

Waddell, T. G., & Rybolt, T. R. (1991, December). The chemical adventures of Sherlock Holmes: A christmas story. Journal of Chemical Education, 68(12), 1023-1025.

Chan, M. A. (1993, May). Artwork and creative drawing--tools for learning and geologic synthesis. Journal of Geological Education, 41(3), 222-225.

Goldberg, F. M., & Shuman, J. C. (1984, March/April). Using guided design in a physical science course. Journal of College Science Teaching, 13(5), 350-355.

Goldberg, F. M., & Shuman, J. C. (1984, November). Using guided design to help students learn about the energy problem. Journal of College Science Teaching, 14(2), 122-127.

Jacobson, T. E., & Wilson, L. D. (1991, May). A bibliographic instruction program for college biology students. American Biology Teacher, 53(5), 298-300.

Laferriere, J. E. (1987). Introducing biology students to library reference resources. American Biology Teacher, 49(6), 368-369.

Nussbaum, F. E., Jr. (1991, May). Introduce successful library assignments to students in biological sciences. American Biology Teacher, 53(5), 301-304.

West, H., Flowers, W., & Gilmore, D. (1990, July/August). Hands-on design in engineering education: Learning by doing what? Engineering Education, 80(5), 560-564.

Stencel, J., & Barkoff, A. (1993, February). Protein synthesis: Role playing in the classroom. American Biology Teacher, 55(2), 102-103.

Allen, J. E. (1991, November). Exercise in imagineering and writing. Journal of Geological Education, 39(5), 422.

Ambron, J. (1987). Writing to improve learning in biology. Journal of College Science Teaching, 16(4), 263-266.

Balley, R. A., & Geisler, C. (1991, February). An approach to improving communication skills in a laboratory setting: The use of writing consultants. Journal of Chemical Education, 68(2), 150-151.

Beall, H. (1991, February). In-class writing in general chemistry: A tool for increasing comprehension and communication. Journal of Chemical Education, 68(2), 148-149.

Beall, H. (1993, January). Literature reading and out-of-class essay writing in general chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(1), 10-11.

Beall, H., & Trimbur, J. (1993, June). Writing as a tool for teaching chemistry: Report on the WPI conference. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(6), 478-479.

Bean, J. C., Drenk, D., & Lee, F. D. (1982). Microtheme strategies for developing cognitive skills. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, (12), 27-38.

Beiersdorfer, R. E., & Haynes, J. (1991, May). An integrated approach to geologic writing for non science majors based on study of a California river. Journal of Geological Education, 39(3), 196 198.

Black, K. A. (1993). What to do when you stop lecturing: Become a guide and a resource. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(2), 140-144.

Brown, L. M., Carson, C., Pingatore, D. R., & Rexroad, C. B. (1993, March). A comprehensive model for teaching writing and oral skills in the geology curriculum. Journal of Geological Education, 41(2), 151-154.

Cannon, R. E. (1990, March). Experiments with writing to teach microbiology. American Biology Teacher, 52(3), 156-158.

Carson, R. J., & Sadd, J. L. (1991, May). Land-use-planning writing assignment for an environmental-geology course. Journal of Geological Education, 39(3), 206-213.

Cliburn, J. W., Jr. (1990, February). Concept maps to promote meaningful learning. Journal of College Science Teaching, 19(4), 212-217.

Coles, K. S. (1991, May). Journal assignments in an introductory-geology course help the student and teacher. Journal of Geological Education, 39(3), 187-189.

Conrad, S. H., & Macdonald, R. H. (1991, May). Balancing teaching and learning geology on the writing fulcrum. Journal of Geological Education, 39(3), 230-231.

Cooper, M. M. (1993, June). Writing: An approach for large-enrollment chemistry courses. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(6), 476-477.

Davis, L. E., Eves, R. L., Corner, H. M., & Urbanczyk, K. M. (1991, May). Student abstract writing as a tool for writing across the curriculum in large introductory-geology courses. Journal of Geological Education, 39(3), 178-180.

Elberty, W. T., Jr., & Romey, W. D. (1991, May). "What are you interested in" as a writing assignment theme. Journal of Geological Education, 39(3), 237-239.

Evans, J. E. (1991, May). Research-grant proposals as a class writing assignment in a graduate level geology course. Journal of Geological Education, 39(3), 221-223.

Foos, K. M. (1987). Abstracts can enhance writing skills. Journal of College Science Teaching, 254 255.

Ganguli, A. B. (1989, Fall). Integrating writing in developmental mathematics. College Teaching, 37(4), 140-142.

Halsor, S. P., Faul-Halsor, C. L., & Heaman, P. B. (1991, May). Enhanced student learning through writing in a physical-geology class. Journal of Geological Education, 39(3), 181-184.

Hotchkiss, S. K., & Nellis, M. K. (1988, September/October). Writing across the curriculum: Team teaching the review article in biology. Journal of College Science Teaching, 18(1), 45-47.

House, K. (1983, September). Improving student writing in biology. American Biology Teacher, 45(5),267-270.

Kirkpatrick, L. D., & Pinnendrigh, A. S. (1984, March). A writing teacher in the physics classroom. Physics Teacher, 22(3), 159-164.

Lavoie, D., & Backus, A. (1990, May). Students write to overcome learning blocks. Journal of College Science Teaching, 19(6), 353-358.

Macdonald, R. H. (1991, May). Writing assignments challenge students in a physical-geology course. Journal of Geological Education, 39(3), 199-201.

Macdonald, R. H., & Conrad, S. H. (1991, May). Writing assignments as a tool for teaching and learning geology. Journal of Geological Education, 39(3), 173.

Macdonald, R. H., & Conrad, S. H. (1992, September). Writing assignments augment learning in introductory geology courses. Journal of Geological Education, 40(4), 279-286.

Madigan, C. (1987, February). Writing across the curriculum resources in science and mathematics. Journal of College Science Teaching, 250-253.

Madigan, C. (1987, February). Writing as a means, not an end. Journal of College Science Teaching,245-249.

McCartney, K. (1992, January). Preparing a term paper for a physical geology course. Journal of Geological Education, 40(1), 62-65.

Middleton, A. L. A. (1990, April). Science writing in the mass media as a useful teaching tool. American Biology Teacher, 52(4), 209-212.

Mirsky, A. (1991, May). Writing assignments as a continuum in geoscience. Journal of Geological Education, 39(3), 232-236.

Nekvasil, N. P. (1991, March/April). Adding writing proficiency to undergraduate biology research -a formula for success at Saint Mary's. Journal of College Science Teaching, 20(5), 292-293.

Ostercamp, D. L. (1992, April). In-class interactive worksheets for organic chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 69(4), 318.

Parrish, D. J., Brumback, T. B., Jr., & Squires, M. (1985). Writing to learn in agronomy. Journal of Agronomic Education, 14(1), 27-29.

Reynolds, F. E., & Pickett, L. (1989). Read! think! write!: The reading response journal in the biology classroom. American Biology Teacher, 51(7), 435-437.

Robinson, G. D. (1987, May). Using journal articles in an introductory geology class. Journal of Geological Education, 35(3), 140-142.

Schlenker, R. M. (1990, November/December). Student research report writing. American Biology Teacher, 52(8), 491-492.

Schneiderman, J. S. (1991, May). Learning geology by writing about the history of geology. Journal of Geological Education, 39(3), 185-187.

Shires, N. P. (1991, June). Teaching writing in college chemistry: A practical bibliography. Journal of Chemical Education, 68(6), 494-497.

Snell, L. M. (1990, May/June). Writing: Teaching memo and letter writing techniques in the classroom. Engineering Education, 80(4), 481-483.

Snow, R. S. (1991, May). Early writing in the research mode via digital modeling of rivers. Journal of Geological Education, 39(3), 227-229.

Stanesco, J. D. (1991, May). The personal journal as a learning and evaluation tool in geology field trip courses. Journal of Geological Education, 39(3), 204-205.

Stewart, B. Y. (1989, November). Merging scientific writing with the investigative laboratory. Journal of College Science Teaching, 19(2), 94-95.

Strauss, M. J., & Fulwiler, T. (1987, February). Interactive writing and learning chemistry. Journal of College Science Teaching, 256-262.

Strauss, M., & Fulwiler, T. (1990, December/January). Writing to learn in large lecture classes. Journal of College Science Teaching, 19(3), 158-163.

Sunderwirth, S. G. (1993, June). Required writing in freshman chemistry courses. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(6), 474-475.

Swanson, L. W., & Aboutorabi, H. M. R. (1990, May/June). Writing: The technical memorandum: An effective way of developing technical writing skills. Engineering Education, 80(4), 479-480.

TePaske, E. R. (1982). Writing in biology: One way to improve analytical thinking. American Biology Teacher, 44(2), 98-99.

Trombulak, S., & Sheldon, S. (1989, May). The real value of writing to learning in biology. Journal of College Science Teaching, 18(6), 384-386.

VanOrden, N. (1987). Critical thinking writing assignments in general chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 64(6), 506-507.

Viola, A., McGuiness, P. D., & Donovan, T. R. (1993, July). The journal approach in the teaching of organic chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 70(7), 544-545.

Wiebold, W. J. (1990, Spring). Repeatable writing assignments to enhance student writing. Journal of Agronomic Education, 19(1), 51-54.

Winsor, D. A. (1990, February). Engineering writing/writing engineering. College Composition and Communication, 41(1), 58-70.